Error handling and debugging

JugaadLang reports errors with Hindi diagnostics. Read the exception type, filename, and line information along with the friendly message.

Catch an expected failure

koshish, gadbad, and aakhir_me correspond to try, except, and finally. Catch a specific exception you know how to handle.

koshish:
    ank = int("chai")
gadbad ValueError:
    bolo("Number likho.")
aakhir_me:
    bolo("Jaanch poori.")

Expected output:

Number likho.
Jaanch poori.

Use udao ValueError("message") to reject an invalid value in your own code. A wapas inside a function can return a successful result; an exception communicates a failure the caller must handle.

Catch several exceptions at once

List the types after gadbad without brackets (PEP 758 style). Brackets still work: gadbad (ValueError, TypeError):.

koshish:
    ank = int("do")
gadbad ValueError, TypeError:
    bolo("Sahi sankhya chahiye.")

Expected output:

Sahi sankhya chahiye.

Add as naam to keep the exception object. Multiple types with as need brackets: gadbad (ValueError, TypeError) as e:.

Common problems

Error	Check
Syntax or indentation error	Missing colon, unmatched bracket, or inconsistent spaces
`NameError`	Spelling and whether the name was assigned before use
`TypeError`	Text versus numbers; argument count and types
`IndexError`	List size and zero-based indexes
`KeyError`	Whether the dictionary contains the key
`ModuleNotFoundError`	Import spelling and the active Python environment
`ZeroDivisionError`	Validate the denominator before dividing

A debugging workflow

Reduce the program to the smallest input that still fails.
Run jug check main.jug to check syntax without executing it.
Print intermediate values with bolo.
Run jug compile main.jug -o main.py to inspect the generated Python source.
Use jug typecheck main.jug for optional static checks; this command uses mypy and may require installing it.

Compilation and syntax checks do not prove runtime correctness. Exercise normal inputs, boundary values, and invalid inputs. See the CLI reference and coding guidelines.